Posted on June 18th, 2024.

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a popular and effective form of long-term contraception. 

They offer a convenient and reversible method of preventing pregnancy, making them an attractive choice for many people. 

If you're considering an IUD for the first time, you likely have many questions about the procedure, what to expect, and how to prepare. 

This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about IUD insertion, from the types of IUDs available to post-insertion care.

What is an IUD?

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped plastic or copper device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It works by altering the environment of the uterus and fallopian tubes, making it difficult for sperm to fertilize an egg or for a fertilized egg to implant in the uterus. IUDs are one of the most effective forms of birth control, with a success rate of over 99%.

Types of IUDs

There are two main types of IUDs:

• Hormonal IUDs: Hormonal IUDs release a small amount of progestin, a hormone similar to progesterone, into the uterus. This hormone thickens the cervical mucus, which helps block sperm from reaching the egg. It also thins the lining of the uterus, making it less likely for a fertilized egg to implant. Common hormonal IUDs include Mirena, Kyleena, Skyla, and Liletta, each with different effectiveness lifespans, lasting up to seven years.
• Non-Hormonal IUDs: The non-hormonal IUD, also known as the copper IUD, uses copper to prevent pregnancy. Copper is toxic to sperm, so it prevents fertilization. The most commonly used non-hormonal IUD is ParaGard, which is effective for up to 10 years.

Now that we have discussed the types of IUDs and their specific characteristics, it's important to understand the many advantages of choosing this form of contraception. Let's explore the various benefits of IUD insertion.

Benefits of IUD Insertion

From long-term protection to minimal maintenance, IUDs offer numerous perks that make them a preferred option for many. Let's delve into some of the key benefits of IUD insertion.

Long-Term Protection

One of the most significant benefits of IUDs is their long-term protection against pregnancy. Unlike other forms of contraception that require daily, weekly, or monthly attention, IUDs offer a set-it-and-forget-it convenience. Depending on the type of IUD you choose, you can enjoy effective contraception for 3 to 10 years. This long-term solution is ideal for individuals who want reliable birth control without the hassle of frequent maintenance.

High Effectiveness

IUDs are among the most effective forms of contraception available, boasting a success rate of over 99%. This high level of effectiveness stems from the IUD's continuous function within the uterus, providing consistent protection without user intervention. Whether you opt for a hormonal or non-hormonal IUD, you can trust that it will offer reliable prevention of pregnancy.

Convenience

The convenience of an IUD cannot be overstated. Once inserted, there is no need for daily reminders, monthly prescriptions, or regular trips to the pharmacy. This makes IUDs an excellent choice for individuals with busy lifestyles or those who prefer a low-maintenance approach to birth control. The device works continuously in the background, allowing you to focus on other aspects of your life.

Reversibility

One of the appealing aspects of IUDs is their reversibility. If you decide that you want to become pregnant or no longer wish to use the IUD, it can be easily removed by a healthcare provider. Fertility typically returns to normal almost immediately after removal, providing flexibility for your future family planning needs.

Minimal Hormonal Side Effects

For those who opt for the non-hormonal copper IUD, there are no hormonal side effects to worry about. This is a significant advantage for individuals who are sensitive to hormones or prefer to avoid hormonal contraception altogether. Even for those who choose hormonal IUDs, the localized release of progestin often results in fewer systemic side effects compared to other hormonal contraceptives.

Reduced Menstrual Symptoms

Hormonal IUDs can offer additional benefits such as reduced menstrual bleeding and cramping. Many individuals find that their periods become lighter and less painful over time, with some experiencing an almost complete cessation of menstruation. This can be particularly beneficial for those who suffer from heavy or painful periods.

Discreet and Private

An IUD is a discreet form of contraception that requires no external products or visible indicators. This privacy can be appealing for individuals who prefer not to share their contraceptive choices with others. Once inserted, the IUD is completely internal and does not interfere with daily activities or intimate moments.

With these benefits in mind, you can see why IUDs are a popular choice for long-term contraception. Now that we’ve explored the advantages, let’s move on to the practical aspects of how an IUD is inserted.

How is an IUD Inserted?

When you decide to get an IUD, you'll first have a consultation with a healthcare provider, who will guide you through the process. Here are the steps involved in the insertion process:

1. Initial Consultation

At Virtual Access Care, we prioritize your comfort and tranquility throughout the entire IUD insertion process. During your initial consultation, Amelia, our experienced gynecologist specialized in birth control, will walk you through every step with an empathetic and caring approach. Amelia will conduct a thorough medical history review and perform a pelvic exam to ensure that an IUD is the most suitable option for you. This initial assessment is crucial to rule out any potential contraindications and to tailor the procedure to your specific needs, ensuring the best possible outcome for your health and well-being.

2. Scheduling the Insertion

Once it’s confirmed that an IUD is appropriate for you, the next step is scheduling the insertion procedure. We often recommend scheduling the insertion during your menstrual period, as the cervix is naturally more open at this time, which can make the process smoother and more comfortable. Amelia will work with you to find a convenient time that fits your schedule.

3. Preparing for the Procedure

Before the procedure, you will receive detailed instructions on how to prepare. This may include taking an over-the-counter pain reliever about an hour before the appointment to help minimize any discomfort during the insertion. We will also explain what to expect during the procedure and answer any questions you may have, ensuring you feel fully informed and at ease.

4. The Insertion Process

The actual insertion of the IUD is a relatively quick procedure, typically taking only a few minutes. Here’s a step-by-step overview of what happens:

• Positioning: You will lie down on an examination table with your feet in stirrups. This position allows Amelia to have a clear view and access to your cervix.
• Cervical Cleaning: Amelia will clean your cervix with an antiseptic solution to prevent infection and ensure a sterile environment.
• Cervical Measurement: A speculum is inserted into the vagina to keep it open and allow Amelia to see the cervix. She will then measure the depth of your uterus to ensure the IUD is placed correctly.
• IUD Insertion: The IUD is loaded into a thin, flexible applicator tube. Amelia will carefully insert this tube through the cervix into the uterus. Once the tube is in place, the IUD is released into the uterus, and the applicator tube is removed. The IUD then expands into its T-shape and settles into place.

5. Post-Insertion Check

After the IUD is inserted, we will check to ensure it is positioned correctly, and trim the strings to an appropriate length so they rest just inside the vagina. These strings are important for checking the IUD’s placement and for future removal. We will explain how to feel for the strings and provide instructions on monitoring the IUD.

Following the insertion, you’ll receive guidelines on what to expect in the coming days and weeks. Amelia will also schedule a follow-up appointment to ensure everything is as it should be. Now, let’s discuss what you can expect after the IUD insertion procedure.

What to Expect After IUD Insertion

It's normal to experience some immediate and short-term effects following the procedure, and knowing what is typical can help you manage your post-insertion care more effectively. Here, we outline the common experiences and symptoms you might encounter after getting an IUD.

Initial Discomfort

Right after the insertion, it is common to experience some cramping and discomfort. This sensation is similar to menstrual cramps and usually subsides within a few hours to a couple of days. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen can help manage this initial discomfort. Resting and using a heating pad on your lower abdomen can also provide relief.

Spotting and Irregular Periods

You may notice spotting or irregular bleeding during the first few months after the insertion. This is a normal response as your body adjusts to the presence of the IUD. Hormonal IUDs, in particular, can cause changes in your menstrual cycle. Some people experience lighter periods, while others may see their periods stop altogether. With non-hormonal (copper) IUDs, you might initially experience heavier periods and more cramping, which typically improves over time.

Checking the Strings

Part of your post-insertion care involves learning how to check the IUD strings. You will be instructed on how to feel for the strings that extend through your cervix into your vagina. These strings allow you to confirm that the IUD is still in place. It's recommended to check the strings monthly, ideally after your menstrual period. If you cannot feel the strings or if they seem to have changed in length, contact your healthcare provider as this could indicate that the IUD has moved.

Follow-Up Appointment

A follow-up appointment is usually scheduled a few weeks after the insertion to ensure the IUD is properly positioned and to address any concerns you may have. During this visit, we will perform a pelvic exam and may use ultrasound to confirm the IUD’s placement. This appointment is a good time to discuss any symptoms or side effects you are experiencing and to ask any further questions about living with an IUD.

Normal Daily Activities

You can typically resume most of your normal activities soon after the IUD insertion. While it’s advisable to take it easy for the first day or so, most people find they can return to work or school the following day. Light activities are generally fine, but it's best to avoid intense exercise or heavy lifting for a few days to prevent exacerbating any cramping or discomfort.

When to Seek Medical Advice

While complications are rare, it’s important to be aware of symptoms that warrant contacting your healthcare provider. These include severe pain, heavy bleeding, fever, or foul-smelling vaginal discharge. These symptoms could indicate an infection or that the IUD has moved out of place. Prompt medical attention can address these issues effectively.

Now, let's move on to important guidelines on what not to do after IUD insertion to ensure proper healing and effectiveness.

What Not to Do After IUD Insertion

Taking proper care of yourself after IUD insertion is crucial to ensure the device settles correctly and to minimize the risk of complications. Here are the key things to avoid after getting an IUD.

Avoid Inserting Anything Into the Vagina

For at least 24 to 48 hours after the IUD insertion, it is advisable to avoid inserting anything into the vagina. This includes tampons, menstrual cups, fingers, and any other objects. Abstaining from vaginal insertion reduces the risk of introducing bacteria and potentially causing an infection. Using sanitary pads is a safer option during this initial period if you experience spotting or bleeding.

Refrain from Sexual Intercourse

Similar to avoiding vaginal insertion, it is recommended to refrain from sexual intercourse for at least 24 to 48 hours following the IUD insertion. This precaution helps reduce the risk of infection and gives your body time to adjust to the new device. Additionally, avoiding intercourse can help minimize discomfort and allow any initial cramping to subside.

Skip Strenuous Activities

While light activities are generally acceptable, it's best to avoid strenuous exercises and heavy lifting for a few days after the IUD insertion. Engaging in intense physical activity can exacerbate cramping and discomfort. Gentle activities like walking are fine, but listen to your body and rest if you feel any discomfort.

Avoid Douching

Douching is not recommended at any time, but it is especially important to avoid this practice after IUD insertion. Douching can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina, increasing the risk of infection. It’s best to let your body’s natural processes maintain vaginal health.

Do Not Ignore Severe Symptoms

While some cramping and spotting are normal after IUD insertion, it's important not to ignore severe symptoms. If you experience intense pain, heavy bleeding, fever, or foul-smelling discharge, contact your healthcare provider immediately. These symptoms could indicate an infection or that the IUD has moved out of place, both of which require prompt medical attention.

Avoid Rushing the Follow-Up Visit

Your follow-up appointment is a crucial part of ensuring that your IUD is properly placed and functioning correctly. Do not skip or delay this visit. During the follow-up, we will confirm the IUD’s placement and address any concerns you may have. This visit helps to catch any potential issues early and ensures the long-term effectiveness of your IUD.

FAQs

How Long Does IUD Last?

The duration an IUD lasts depends on the type. Hormonal IUDs last between 3 to 7 years, while the non-hormonal copper IUD can last up to 10 years.

How Long After IUD Can You Have Sex?

It's generally recommended to wait 24 to 48 hours after IUD insertion before having sex to reduce the risk of infection and allow time for initial discomfort to subside.

Does Getting an IUD Hurt?

The insertion process can cause discomfort and cramping, but the level of pain varies among individuals. Taking a pain reliever before the procedure can help reduce discomfort.

Related: How Often Should You Get a Pap Smear? Guidelines and Recommendations

Final Words

Choosing to get an IUD is an important decision in managing your reproductive health. This comprehensive guide has provided you with essential information about IUDs, including what they are, the different types, the benefits, the insertion process, and post-insertion care. By understanding what to expect before, during, and after the procedure, you can make an informed choice that best suits your needs.

At Virtual Access Care, based in Metropolitan D.C., we offer a range of primary care services, including women’s health and contraception options like IUDs. Our experienced gynecologist, Amelia, provides compassionate and personalized care, ensuring your comfort and well-being throughout the entire process. From the initial consultation to follow-up care, we are dedicated to supporting you every step of the way.

Get in Touch Now!

For any questions or to schedule a consultation, please contact us at (240) 473-3007 or [email protected]. Our team at Virtual Access Care is here to help you make informed decisions about your health and provide the care you deserve.